: Lye is added slowly to raise the pH to 12 or higher. This "frees" the alkaloids from their salt form back into a "freebase" form, which is no longer water-soluble.
: Borosilicate glass (like Pyrex or Kimax) to withstand heat and chemical reactions. Key Stages of the Process cybs max ion tek pdf free full
: Controlled warmth is used to increase the solubility of the alkaloids in the solvent. : Lye is added slowly to raise the pH to 12 or higher